CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
The major problem of the 21st century is climate change due to the release of greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane) into the atmosphere. Human activities have been a major factor influencing global warming for the last 70 years. Industrial activities are based on fossil fuels, whose over-exploitation today threatens to destroy civilization and life. According to scientists if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the average air temperature in the 21st century will rise from about 2.5 to 4.5 degrees. This would have disastrous consequences. Some seaside towns, many species of animals and plants would disappear, entire ecosystems would be radically unbalanced. In addition, it would lead to enormous social instability, migration and the economic sustainability of societies would be destroyed.
Subtopics
Air pollution and treatment technologies, surface and groundwater, energy sources, climate change and its indicators, mathematical modeling and etc.
Circular economy
The European Union generates around 2.5 billion tons of waste every year.
Unlike the take-produce-throw model, the circular economy aims to minimize quantity
of waste and resource usage through advanced product design, reuse and repair, recycling, sustainable consumption and innovative business models that offer leasing as an alternative to purchasing a product, lending or sharing service.
The growing of world's population influencing growing of raw materials demand.
In addition, their extraction and usage have significant negative impact on environment.
This increases consumption of energy and CO2 emissions, and their more intelligent usage could reduce these numbers. Waste prevention, eco-design, re-use of waste and similar measures could save cash for EU and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 3 percent a year.
It would also enable for consumers to purchase more durable and advanced products that would improve their quality of life and save money in the long-term.
Subtopics
Waste management, environmental management and economics, mathematical modeling and etc.
ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION
Environmental pollution is caused by anthropogenic human activities. Quantitatively, anthropogenic air pollution is generally less than natural. Anthropogenic air pollution with only some chemical pollutants is greater than natural. The propagation rate of natural and anthropogenic pollution is very different. Natural changes are very slow compared to human life expectancy, and all life on earth is genetically adapted, and the consequences of human activities manifest themselves very quickly. Human-induced chemical (chemical compounds) and physical (noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation (long-wavelength UV, visual spectrum, infrared, microwave and radio waves, low-frequency electromagnetic fields), and ionizing radiation (short-wave UV, X-rays radiation, beta radiation, gamma radiation, neutron radiation, high frequency electromagnetic fields) pollution is dangerous to plants and animals and infrastructure (engineering structures, buildings, roads, etc.) as well as for monuments, vehicles, etc.
Subtopics
Physical and chemical pollution of the environment and its reduction technologies, landscape and biodiversity, mathematical modeling and etc.